Abstract

While documenting Architectural Knowledge (AK) is crucial, it is frequently neglected in many projects, and existing manual tools are underutilized. Although undocumented, Archi-tecture Knowledge (AK) is dispersed across various sources such as source code, documentation, and runtime logs. To address this, automated tools for efficient AK extraction and documentation are essential. Even after generating AK, navigating through vast the Architectural Records can be overwhelming. Building on that, we propose an automated Architectural Knowledge Management (AKM) System using Information Extraction and Generative AI, which generates AK from various source for a given system and answers architectural queries with respect to the given system. The development of an efficient Architectural Knowledge Management (AKM) system, which is both effective and user-friendly, entails the resolution of numerous challenges. It requires consolidating diverse AK data sources scattered across code, dia-grams, repository commits, and online platforms. The integration of Multimodal AI for AK extraction, incorporation of global AK, and leveraging Generative AI for AK documentation further compounds the problem. Moreover, generating contextually appropriate query responses adds another layer of complexity. To this end, we performed an initial exploratory study on generating Architectural Design Decisions using generative Large Language Models (LLM) in the context of Architecture Decision Records (ADR). Our initial results have been promising indicating the potential impact of GenAI for architectural knowledge management.

Abstract

Text summarization is a well-established task within the natural language processing (NLP) community. However, the focus on controllable summarization tailored to user requirements is gaining traction only recently. While several efforts explore controllability in text summarization, the investigation of Multi-Attribute Controllable Summarization (MACS) remains limited. This work addresses this gap by examining the MACS task through the lens of large language models (LLMs), using various learning paradigms, particularly low-rank adapters. We experiment with different popular adapter fine-tuning strategies to assess the effectiveness of the resulting models in retaining cues and patterns associated with multiple controllable attributes. Additionally, we propose and evaluate a novel hierarchical adapter fusion technique to integrate learnings from two distinct controllable attributes. Subsquently, we present our findings, discuss the challenges encountered, and suggest potential avenues for advancing the MACS task.

Abstract

Generic text summarization approaches often fail to address the specific intent and needs of individual users. Recently, scholarly attention has turned to the development of summarization methods that are more closely tailored and controlled to align with specific objectives and user needs. Despite a growing corpus of controllable summarization research, there is no comprehensive survey available that thoroughly explores the diverse controllable attributes employed in this context, delves into the associated challenges, and investigates the existing solutions. In this survey, we formalize the Controllable Text Summarization (CTS) task, categorize controllable attributes according to their shared characteristics and objectives, and present a thorough examination of existing datasets and methods within each category. Moreover, based on our findings, we uncover limitations and research gaps, while also exploring potential solutions and future directions for CTS. We release our detailed analysis of CTS papers at https://github.com/ashokurlana/controllable_text_summarization_survey.

Abstract

This paper presents the design and development of heater control for a flexible embedded microheater (7000 um x 9000 um) for a lab-on-a-chip system. Our work focuses on advancing the PWM-based control system with the goal of reducing the system time constant. We also present the fabrication of an embedded flexible microheater in a PDMS substrate. We validate the efficacy of the flexible microheater and its control system by using it for glucose detection. A steady state temperature in the range of 40$^o$C to 120 degree C is achieved in approximately 40 s, with the heater's power consumption ranging from 0.4 W to 2 W. The novelty of the work lies in that we have made a small, flexible, low-cost chip without the use of sophisticated equipment or conventional fabrication techniques.

Abstract

Chart question answering (CQA) is a crucial area of Visual Language Understanding. However, the robustness and consistency of current Visual Language Models (VLMs) in this field remain under-explored. This paper evaluates state-of-the-art VLMs on comprehensive datasets, developed specifically for this study, encompassing diverse question categories and chart formats. We investigate two key aspects: 1) the models' ability to handle varying levels of chart and question complexity, and 2) their robustness across different visual representations of the same underlying data. Our analysis reveals significant performance variations based on question and chart types, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of current models. Additionally, we identify areas for improvement and propose future research directions to build more robust and reliable CQA systems. This study sheds light on the limitations of current models and paves the way for future advancements in the field.

Abstract

This paper presents a simple method for stabilizing the quadrotor dynamics under complete loss of one actuator using two-stage optimal control. Detailed equilibrium analysis and subsequent selection of operating point under actuator loss are provided, incorporating constraints on the maximum available thrust. A detailed simulation study using a high-fidelity nonlinear model of the quadrotor is presented showing the stability and performance of the closed-loop system under complete actuator loss, in the presence of external disturbances.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for low cost, scalable approaches to measuring contactless vital signs, either during initial triage at a healthcare facility or virtual telemedicine visits. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) can accurately estimate heart rate (HR) when applied to closeup videos of healthy volunteers in well-lit laboratory settings. However, results from such highly optimized laboratory studies may not be readily translated to healthcare settings. One significant barrier to practical application of rPPG in healthcare is accurate localization of region of interest (ROI). Clinical or telemedicine visits may involve sub-optimal lighting, movement artifacts, variable camera angle, and subject distance. This paper presents an rPPG ROI selection method based on 3D facial landmarks and patient head yaw angle. We then demonstrate robustness of this ROI selection method when coupled to Plane-Orthogonal-to-Skin (POS) rPPG method when applied to videos of patients presenting to an Emergency Department for respiratory complaints. Our primary contributions are twofold: (1) a robust ROI selection framework that adapts to real-world clinical scenarios, and (2) first unrestricted rPPG dataset collected from emergency ward settings, addressing critical gaps between controlled laboratory conditions and real-world clinical environments. Our results demonstrate effectiveness of our proposed approach in improving accuracy and robustness of rPPG in a challenging clinical environment.

Abstract

Supervised machine learning methods for geological mapping via remote sensing face limitations due to the scarcity of accurately labelled training data that can be addressed by unsupervised learning, such as dimensionality reduction and clustering. Dimensionality reduction methods have the potential to play a crucial role in improving the accuracy of geological maps. Although conventional dimensionality reduction methods may struggle with nonlinear data, unsupervised deep learning models such as autoencoders can model non-linear relationships. Stacked autoencoders feature multiple interconnected layers to capture hierarchical data representations useful for remote sensing data. We present an unsupervised machine learning-based framework for processing remote sensing data using stacked autoencoders for dimensionality reduction and k-means clustering for mapping geological units. We use Landsat 8, ASTER, and Sentinel-2 datasets to evaluate the framework for geological mapping of the Mutawintji region in Western New South Wales, Australia. We also compare stacked autoencoders with principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical autoencoders. Our results reveal that the framework produces accurate and interpretable geological maps, efficiently discriminating rock units. The results reveal that the combination of stacked autoencoders with Sentinel-2 data yields the best performance accuracy when compared to other combinations. We find that stacked autoencoders enable better extraction of complex and hierarchical representation of the input data when compared to canonical autoencoders and PCA. We also find that the generated maps align with prior geological knowledge of the study area while providing novel insights into geological structures.

Abstract

Air quality estimation through sensor-based methods is widely used. Nevertheless, their frequent failures and maintenance challenges constrain the scalability of air pollution monitoring efforts. Recently, it has been demonstrated that air quality estimation can be done using image-based methods. These methods offer several advantages including ease of use, scalability, and low cost. However, the accuracy of these methods hinges significantly on the diversity and magnitude of the dataset utilized. The advancement of air quality estimation through image analysis has been limited due to the lack of available datasets. Addressing this gap, we present TRAQID - Traffic-Related Air Quality Image Dataset, a novel dataset capturing 26,678 front and rear images of traffic alongside co-located weather parameters, multiple levels of Particulate Matters (PM) and Air Quality Index (AQI) values. Spanning over multiple seasons, with over 70 hours of data collection in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, India, the TRAQID offers diverse day and night imagery amid unstructured traffic conditions, encompassing six AQI categories ranging from “Good” to “Severe”. State-of-the-art air quality estimation techniques, which were trained on a smaller and less-diverse dataset, showed poor results on the dataset presented in this paper. TRAQID models various uncertainty types, including seasonal changes, unstructured traffic patterns, and lighting conditions. The information from the two views (front and rear) of the traffic can be combined to improve the estimation performance in such challenging conditions. As such, the TRAQID serves as a benchmark for image-based air quality estimation tasks and AQI prediction, given its diversity and magnitude.

Abstract

Crack segmentation plays a crucial role in ensuring the structural integrity and seismic safety of civil structures. However, existing crack segmentation algorithms encounter challenges in maintaining accuracy with domain shifts across datasets. To address this issue, we propose a novel deep network that employs incremental training with unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) using adversarial learning, without a significant drop in accuracy in the source domain. Our approach leverages an encoder-decoder architecture, consisting of both domain-invariant and domain-specific parameters. The encoder learns shared crack features across all domains, ensuring robustness to domain variations. Simultaneously, the decoder's domain-specific parameters capture domain-specific features unique to each domain. By combining these components, our model achieves improved crack segmentation performance. Furthermore, we introduce BuildCrack, a new crack dataset comparable to sub-datasets of the well-established CrackSeg9K dataset in terms of image count and crack percentage. We evaluate our proposed approach against state-of-the-art UDA methods using different sub-datasets of CrackSeg9K and our custom dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in crack segmentation accuracy and generalization across target domains compared to other UDA methods - specifically, an improvement of 0.65 and 2.7 mIoU on source and target domains respectively. Code, models, and dataset will be made available.