Abstract

Sugarcane holds a critical position in global agriculture, serving as a basis for the sugar and bioenergy sectors. The integration of remote sensing technologies and sophisticated machine learning approaches and related models has revolutionized sugarcane research. These tools ofer efcient, noninvasive, and large-scale assessment methods. This review highlights the utilization of satellite imagery and sensor data, encompassing RGB, multispectral, hyperspectral, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in sugarcane agriculture. It addresses crop identifcation, pest and disease management, yield and acreage estimation, modeling, phenotypic measurement, and their impact on empowering farmers with insights for optimal irrigation, fertilizer application, and overall crop management. These advancements signifcantly increase productivity and foster environmental sustainability. The review had dual aims: (1) consolidate RS data applications in India’s sugarcane research and development, and (2) examine the pros and cons of RS and AI methods in sugarcane farming. The review employed prominent bibliographic databases—google scholar, scopus, researchgate, and web of science—along with pertinent research articles on RS and AI applications in sugarcane, and comprehensive data on sensors and UAVs retrieved from these databases. The study concludes that AI-driven crop RS stands as an efective method for monitoring and managing sugarcane, contributing signifcantly to improving yield and quality, while simultaneously ofering substantial benefts in social, economic, and environmental realms. However, challenges in the sugar industry, such as adapting technology, high initial costs, climate impact, communication, policy, and regulation, must be addressed.

Abstract

Anti-discrimination represents a critical area of study for researchers, policymakers, and designers of technical systems. Drawing on AI fairness and inclusion studies research, we analyse algorithmic bias and their propensity to reproduce bias [Selbst et al., 2019] on two types of platforms- a gaming environment and a dating platform. On the gaming platform we conduct research on toxicity to comprehend its manifestations, diverse interpretations of toxicity, the conditions fostering toxic gaming, specifically affecting gendered identities. We also investigate if toxic behaviours are normalised within gaming domains, adversely impacting gendered perceptions and experiences. For the second platform, we offer results from an experiment on the Bumble dating platform to identify and address the presence of discrimination in the matching algorithms the platform pushes to its users in the form of profiles for potential dates in the real world. Forms of Interactions of user discovery pose a significant risk of sexual violence and other forms of harm for diverse communities of gender on dating platforms. By reporting experiences of non-binary individuals using dating platforms we contribute to a largely unexplored research field. This study not only highlights the discrepancies and potential biases in dating algorithms but also serves as a catalyst to foster more inclusive design principles, thereby acknowledging the diverse needs across genders and communities.

Abstract

This paper describes our approach for SemEval- 2024 Task 9: BRAINTEASER: A Novel Task Defying Common Sense. The BRAIN- TEASER task comprises multiple-choice Ques- tion Answering designed to evaluate the mod- els’ lateral thinking capabilities. It consists of Sentence Puzzle and Word Puzzle subtasks that require models to defy default common- sense associations and exhibit unconventional thinking. We propose a unique strategy to im- prove the performance of pre-trained language models, notably the Gemini 1.0 Pro Model, in both subtasks. We employ static and dy- namic few-shot prompting techniques and in- troduce a model-generated reasoning strategy that utilizes the LLM’s reasoning capabilities to improve performance. Our approach demon- strated significant improvements, showing that it performed better than the baseline models by a considerable margin but fell short of per- forming as well as the human annotators, thus highlighting the efficacy of the proposed strate- gies. We have made our code open-sourced for the replicability of our methods.

Abstract

In shotgun sequencing, the input string (typically, a long DNA sequence composed of nucleotide bases) is sequenced as multiple overlapping fragments of much shorter lengths (called textit{reads}). Modelling the shotgun sequencing pipeline as a communication channel for DNA data storage, the capacity of this channel was identified in a recent work, assuming that the reads themselves are noiseless substrings of the original sequence. Modern shotgun sequencers however also output quality scores for each base read, indicating the confidence in its identification. Bases with low quality scores can be considered to be erased. Motivated by this, we consider the textit{shotgun sequencing channel with erasures}, where each symbol in any read can be independently erased with some probability $delta$. We identify achievable rates for this channel, using a random code construction and a decoder that uses typicality-like arguments to merge the reads.

Abstract

Functional MRI research using naturalistic stimuli (like movies) can help examine brain networks supporting empathy. Applying graph learning methods to whole-brain time-series signals, we propose a novel fMRI signal processing pipeline that includes high-pass filtering, voxel-level clustering, and windowed graph learning with a sparsity-based approach. The fMRI dataset is from passive viewing of an 8-minute movie shown to 14 healthy volunteers. The emotion rating of the movies by age-matched 40 participants is the ground truth. We considered a total of 54 regions extracted from the AAL Atlas for the study. The sparsity-based graph learning method consistently outperforms in capturing variations in the emotion scale, achieving over 88% match of the graph cluster labels averaged across participants. Temporal analysis reveals a high fit to the emotion scale supported by the method’s effectiveness in capturing dynamic connectomes through graph clustering, indicating the role of contextual inference in building empathy. While the edge-weight dynamics analysis underscores the superiority of sparsity-based learning, the connectome-network analysis highlights the crucial role of the Insula, Amygdala, and Thalamus in empathy, with lateral brain connections facilitating synchronized responses. Spectral filtering analysis by band-pass filter isolated the regions linked to emotional and empathy processing in scenes with high emotional context. We also observe strong similarities between the movies in graph cluster labels, connectome-network analysis, and spectral filtering-based analyses, revealing robust neural correlates of empathy. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neural dynamics associated with empathy and identify regions specific to empathetic responses to naturalistic stimuli.

Abstract

Coastal waters are complex, dynamic, and sensitive, and any change in the system impacts the marine environment and life. Coastal water quality has been decreasing due to the incursion of anthropogenic derived waste and toxins into the ocean. This study investigates water quality along the Kollam coast of Kerala State, India, using Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager (MSI) data for the period of 2019–2022. Four key water quality parameters, chlorophyll (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), turbidity, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), were analysed for seasonal variations and driving factors. The study highlights the potential of web-based platforms like Google Earth Engine for facilitating large-scale water quality assessments. The results reveal a distinct seasonal pattern in all parameters, primarily influenced by monsoonal riverine discharge and anthropogenic activities as contributing factors to water quality degradation. Overall, the study emphasises the need for comprehensive monitoring and management strate- gies to ensure the long-term sustainability of the coastal ecosystem.

Abstract

We focus on the problem of LiDAR point cloud based loop detection (or Finding) and closure (LDC) for mobile robots. State-of-the-art (SOTA) methods directly generate learned embeddings from a given point cloud, require large data augmentation, and are not robust to wide viewpoint variations in 6 Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF). Moreover, the absence of strong priors in an unstructured point cloud leads to highly inaccurate LDC. In this original approach, we propose independent roll and pitch canonicalization of point clouds using a common dominant ground plane. We discretize the canonicalized point clouds along the axis perpendicular to the ground plane leads to images simi- lar to digital elevation maps (DEMs), which expose strong spatial priors in the scene. Our experiments show that LDC based on learnt embeddings from such DEMs is not only data efficient but also significantly more robust, and generalizable than the current SOTA. We report an (aver- age precision for loop detection, mean absolute transla- tion/rotation error) improvement of (8.4, 16.7/5.43)% on the KITTI08 sequence, and (11.0, 34.0/25.4)% on GPR10 sequence, over the current SOTA. To further test the ro- bustness of our technique on point clouds in 6-DOF motion we create and opensource a custom dataset called Lidar- UrbanFly Dataset (LUF) which consists of point clouds ob- tained from a LiDAR mounted on a quadrotor. More details on our website https://gsc2001.github.io/FinderNet/

Abstract

Software practitioners use various methods in Requirements Engineering (RE) to elicit, analyze and specify the requirements of a enterprise products. The methods impact the final product characteristics and influence product delivery. Ad-hoc usage of the methods by software practitioners can lead to inconsistency and ambiguity in the product. With the notable rise in enterprise products, games, etc. across various domains, Virtual Reality (VR) has become an essential technology for the future. The methods adopted for requirement engineering for developing VR products requires a detailed study. This paper presents a mapping study on requirement engineering methods prescribed and used for developing VR applications including requirements elicitation, requirements analysis, and requirements specification. Our study provides insights into the use of such methods in the VR community and suggests using specific requirement engineering methods in various fields of interest. We also discuss future directions in requirement engineering for VR products.

Abstract

News headline generation is a crucial task in increasing productivity for both the readers and producers of news. This task can easily be aided by automated News headline-generation models. However, the presence of irrelevant headlines in scraped news articles results in sub-optimal performance of generation models. We propose that relevance-based headline classification can greatly aid the task of generating relevant headlines. Relevance-based headline classification involves categorizing news headlines based on their relevance to the corresponding news articles. While this task is well-established in English, it remains under-explored in low-resource languages like Telugu due to a lack of annotated data. To address this gap, we present TeClass, the first-ever human-annotated Telugu news headline classification dataset, containing 78,534 annotations across 26,178 article-headline pairs. We experiment with various baseline models and provide a comprehensive analysis of their results. We further demonstrate the impact of this work by fine-tuning various headline generation models using TeClass dataset. The headlines generated by the models fine-tuned on highly relevant article-headline pairs, showed about a 5 point increment in the ROUGE-L scores. To encourage future research, the annotated dataset as well as the annotation guidelines will be made publicly available.

Abstract

The use of emerging technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) in therapeutic settings has increased in the past few years. By incorporating VR, a mental health condition like depression can be assessed effectively, while also providing personalized motivation and meaningful engagement for treatment purposes. The integration of external sensors further enhances the engagement of the subjects with the VR scenes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing literature on the detection and treatment of depression using VR. It explores various types of VR scenes, external hardware, innovative metrics, and targeted user studies conducted by researchers and professionals in the field. The paper also discusses potential requirements for designing VR scenes specifically tailored for depression assessment and treatment, with the aim of guiding future practitioners in this area.